Its time to take a look at the very small - smaller than things that creepy crawl - to the smallest things of all Its time to take a look at how things behave - when they're particles and they're waves - its time to catch some cosmic rays Its to take a look at the invisible stuff - the indivisible stuff that makes everything up in the world Its time to take a look at the incredible stuff - the inexplicable stuff that powers the life of your cells Atoms electricity and us.......... Its time to take a look at the atomic bonds - protons and electrons - lets find out what's been going on! Because this affects every single soul, and it affects rock and roll - check out my amps and volts S o who are we to eulogise, who are we to thank - for the periodic table and electrolysis tank I want to slap em on the back - shake em by the hand and say - thanks man for the watts in my amp Who are we to write about who are we to cheer, for the high tense strength of titanium gears And when the lights light up at the end of the pier - I say thanks guys - you brought joy to my eyes Who are we to sing about, who are we to praise for uncovering the properties of various rays The quantum world and how electrons behave ....I say - thanks chaps, for the apps on my lap! The atomic bomb and the power of the sun - I fear I need a chemistry lesson I still can't tell my bosons from mesons Atoms electricity and us

If atoms exist then there will be gaps between them - but that's impossible right? so says Aristotle Aristotle - bottle and glass I sat in the park, and poured out a coffee from a vacuum flask Avoid the void Avoid the void The higher you are - the thinner the air. So Rene Descartes - what is left at the edge of space! Rene Descartes - thought long and hard there's a fluid in space and the planets swirl in a whirlpool Avoid - avoid the notion of the void caus natures laws abhor a vacuum so what's that gap at the top of the tube as the mercury falls Atoms - we're all made of atoms indivisible parts Sorry Aristotle and Rene Descartes Atoms - we're all made of atoms - nothing is real You can have a vacuum - with a good seal

I need some help - help me out! - I can't do this on my own I need some help - help me out! - I can't do this on my own I need some aural repetition - some audience participation We need to move the air - send the atoms back and forth. The spring of air is obeying Boyles Law Poor old Bobby Boyle is underneath the soil but his 'Spring of air' is relevant today Use your vocal chords - and send compression waves Through the Spring of air I need some help - help me out! - I can't do this on my own I need some help - help me out! -I can't do this on my own Some Rhythmic Oscillation - Harmonic Intonation With the spring of air we can drive to John O Groats Check the PSI - and then disconnect the hose The pressure and the volume - are inversely proportional The spring of air - the nightingale and Lark And the horseshoe bat - Hearing echoes in the dark pull out air cannons here - all three off us and bombard audience on the spring of air - blowing up balloons on the spring of air - playing trumpet and bassoon on the spring of air - we can ride a hover craft on the spring of air - we can play a game of drafts?! I need some help - help me out! - I can't do this on my own I need some help - help me out! -I can't do this on my own

We've all heard of Queen Elizabeth the First Her doctor was called William Gilbert In his spare time he tinkered with cutting edge science. With a lodestone - that's a magnet and the fillings of iron Some invisible yet tangible force, is holding these two magnets apart. Till William Gilbert we were all in the dark. And in some ways, you might say, we kind of still are! Magnets - it the magic of magnetism Magnets - it the magic of magnetism We stand on a rock with a hot heart of iron - with a magnetic field that we all can rely on Magnets - it the magic of magnetism Magnets - it the magic of magnetism But why - what's going on? Its a little bit hard to put into song - electromagnetic radiation You can't have one without the other - they're electro magnetic brothers, at right angles to one another it's the magic of magnetism - the magic of magnetism Magnets

Alessandro Volta and his amazing case of voltaic piles Alessandro Volta - it'll snap and crack and make you smile Alessandro Volta - and his amazing case of Voltaic piles zinc, acid, copper, acid zinc, acid, copper, acid zinc, acid, copper, acid............ charge With two electrodes in an electrolytes - zinc, acid, copper, acid.............charge we have the power to turn on the light Touch the electrodes its hot while the iron strikes - zinc, acid, copper, acid.............. charge Alessandro Volta B A T T E R Y come on now and ...... Put an Alessandro Volta in your phone - let's dial the 18th century and see if he's at home. Good morning Alessandro how are you. Could I interest you in a contract with the guys at O2 They'll supply you with an electrical device - it'll help you share your photographs and tweet about science! I crave power - the power to have power at my finger tips!

Pass it on, Pass it on Like an electron pass it on - come on Franklin famously - he flew a kite And mapped the current of a lightning strike Lightning is frightening - but also enlightening electrical energy J.J. Thomson contests - You can hire them, fire them down a tube and make things effervesce A cathode ray TV - A K A - CRT the pd between two localities

Faraday - before, he was earthed, opened up the world to the work of the volt and the amp within a copper coil as it rotates round inside a magnet tell me something - electricity tell me something electricity tell me something Faraday - try it the other way round and induce the amps Faraday - Move the magnet around. As the magnetic field Is disturbed the current surges through the coil. Faraday - invisible lines run from north to south Faraday - right it all down but in case you're wrong Leave it sealed until you're dead and gone. Faraday 1791 to 1867 Faraday - do they let you conduct stuff - up in heaven

pass a current through a copper wire and the kilowatts that are required to induce an emotive force and turn the magnet round - from south through to north and repeat it on the other side can be calculated and refined - after Faraday had kicked things off The goal was started by a lion - and finished by a jock this is James Clerk Maxwell in an electro magnetic nutshell this is James Clerk Maxwell in an electro magnetic nutshell Stick yer thumb up into the air Point yer first finger over there Put yer second finger to one side, And have Electro Magnetic Force in yer mind He understood that work and heat are governed by the mean free speed of atoms and molecules And we know how fast thanks to James Joule Brownian motion put pollen in a pool this is James Clerk Maxwell in an electro magnetic nutshell this is James Clerk Maxwell in an electro magnetic nutshell

its the first law - and the temperatures rising The fuel burns - and the steam is released. Its the first law - and the temperatures rising and James Joule - had the measure of heat Heat is work - you can work up a sweat, as it has the effect of energizing your molecules hot air rises and cold air falls and involves the transmission of heat. The second law - and its all equalizing because there's more space - to fit the molecules in. we wear out - our lifetimes are finite caus there's more space to fit the molecules in But the sun is dying and the earth is doomed because there's more and more room to fit the atoms and molecules - this defines the arrow of time and enshrines the transmission of heat.

he basis of chemistry is that atoms share electrons The fundamental principle is that atoms share electrons, Atoms share electons - Atoms share electrons. It's the reason why sodium and potassium explode, And the reason why Argon, Neon and Xenon don't. And the reason why metals tend to rust - they corrode, Is that atoms share electrical loads. The basis of chemistry is that atoms share electrons The fundamental principle is that atoms share electrons, Atoms share electons - Atoms share electrons. Each tiny atom has a positive heart, Surrounded by smaller things with a negative charge. Stacked up in egg boxes where a dozen is eight. And if there's one missing they wait. Pause The basis of chemistry is that atoms share electrons The fundamental principle is that atoms share electrons, Atoms share electons - Atoms share electrons. The reason why carbon forms molecular chains, And the reason why oxygen is fueling your brain. The reason why everything just falls into place: the atomic electrical trade. Once you get your head round what's at the heart of it, Chemistry makes perfect sense. the periodic table started it - thanks Mendeleev and Johny Newlands etc

What is light? Isaac Newton...what is light? What's it like? What's it made of? Your corpuscles are punching through my eyes ? Waveform or particle? what's it like? Waveform or PARTICLE? Newton regarded light as a steady stream of particles. At the time, the evidence of the sharp-edged shadows seemed to prove him right, but The Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens considered light to be a waveform. A 3 dimensional ripple of energy through the luminiferous aether. What is light? Christiaan Huygens what is light? What's it like? Like a sound wave. Through the luminiferous aether it resounds Waveform or particle? what's it like? Waveform or PARTICLE? So revered was Newton that it would be another 100 years before his particle theory was questioned again. Thomas Young, and the French scientist Augustin Fresnel both independently conducted an experiment that would prove the wave-like nature of light, and later James Clerk Maxwell would conclude that the only difference between light, heat and other radiation is their wavelength. What is light? Thomas Young now what is light? It re-unites. Reveals diffraction! With interference patterns - bands of light and shade. Waveform or particle? what's it like? Waveform or PARTICLE? Waveform or particle? what's it like? Waveform or PARTICLE? It seemed that the nature of light had finally been resolved, but only a few years later, a final can of luminescent worms was to be opened by a young German patent officer called Albert Einstein. Light acts as a wave - oh yes, but it is emitted from the atom as a finite quanta of energy, known as a photon, and a photon can be thought of as ......you guessed it ....a PARTICLE

This model - this atom - this Bohr Rutherford atom How do we know what its like when we cant even look at. Well there's packets - called quantum and they know how to detect em They fire electrons at em and then analyze the datum. Most went through but some came straight back at em - they didn't duck they just stuck to their guns. They jectured a model - together it was cobbled. Bohr added the stuff to fit the picture of electron shells. We're In the dark - making it up as we go along. We're messing around with uranium 251 There's protons and neutrons together in the middle - but what electrons do is a complex quantum riddle There's alpha and beta and gamma radiation The nucleus decay and it starts a chain reaction. As Einstein predicted the energies evicted were massive - destructive but power is seductive and oooooooo we're in the dark making it up as we go along We're in the dark making it up as we go along Until at last .....We had built the bomb!

There's uncertainty there - at atomic scale There's uncertainty there - where the laws of physics fail There's uncertainty there said Heisenberg The more you know the momentum - the less you can observe Me bosons were erratic - i got a quantum mechanic and he looked underneath my hood He said - hey that's the trouble with these elemental particles - they don't quite do what they should. There's uncertainty there in the electron cloud You can never be sure - but you can quantify the doubt One day Richard Feynman got on board a bus, and took a journey from a to b It stopped at every spot every possible dot in its multiple histories. I cant stand the thought of god playing dice With photons and quarks in imaginary time. There's uncertainty there - in empty space where things appear and then decay. When you try to find them you can't even define them they're in an elusive state. the mass and the momentum - you cannot know them both - they're particles are particle and they're waves.

Open a restaurant. Caus we're making a lasagne. Making it - atom by atom Mixing it together - gluon it together - Now digest that quantum foam Take an up quark - and your mixing it together gluon it together with a down quark Add another quark mix it all together and you've a proton you've form a fermion You've a proton - and your mixing it together gluon it together with a neutron. With the two of them together sooner or later an electron will want to hang around - there or thereabouts and you've made your mother proud. its true that almost all of the atom is just empty space without atomic weight In the quantum world - there's no such thing as empty space so you've an atom but sooner or later its gonna feel the force of gravitation - thanks to dark matter, the atoms pool together and the strong force starts to take effect. This is fusion - but the fuel burns out and then a super nova explosion. And you've hydrogen atoms and oxygen atom and you''ve made your mother proud.